University of Nairobi Guidelines Attachment - 2651 Words

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI School of Computing and Informatics INDUSTRIAL-ATTACHMENT PLACEMENT AND EVALUATION GUIDELINES VERSION 1.0 Approved by 87TH SCI BOARD on 25th March 2013 March 2013 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Definitions and Roles 1 2.1 Student Attachee: 1 2.2 Attachment Coordinator 2 2.3 Faculty Assessor 2 2.4 Industrial Supervisor 2 3 SCI Industrial Attachment Placement Policy 3 4 SCI Industrial Attachment Assessment Policy 6 5 Industrial Attachment Report Format 8 6 Assessment Forms 8 7 Sample Attachment Details Form, Industrial Supervisor’s Evaluation and Form Faculty Assessor’s Evaluation Form 9 8 Sample Log Book 13 Introduction The School of Computing amp; Informatics (formerly†¦show more content†¦The faculty assessor will be required to visit the student at least once during the 8 week duration and evaluate and grade the student activities. The assessor will consult with the industrial supervisor and fill the necessary industrial attachment assessment tool and file it at the earliest with the attachment coordinator. Industrial Supervisor This is a technical or management member of the hosting organization who is responsible for the student learning process. The industrial supervisor must establish a program of activities that will have maximum impact to the learning experience. The supervisor must assign the student appropriate technical staff(s) who will guide and mentor the student. The industrial supervisor will liaise with the attachment coordinator or faculty supervisor on matters relating to the well-being of the student or the attachment activities. SCI Industrial Attachment Placement Policy The development of this placement policy is aimed at harmonizing the strategies used in placement of students to various organizations. a) Type of Organization and Activities A student can be placed for attachment in any duly registered organization with a physical location that is easily accessible, and has a vibrant ICT department or is offering computing solutions. Students will be expected to participate on a day to day basis in the organizations business, andShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Attachment Report7144 Words   |  29 PagesTHE INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT REPORT AT NAIROBI AVIATION COLLEGE-KISUMU BRANCH P.O BOX 751-40100, KISUMU Tel057-2022410,2022411,07149221937,0731931513 EMAIL: nackisumu@nac.ac.ke NAME: ODHIAMBO ABONYO LAZARO INSTITUTION: MAWEGO TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE ADM NO: 5728 COURSE: DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SUPERVISOR: CALISTO OYUGI MR. PERIOD OF ATTACHMENT: AUGUST TO NOVEMBER 2012  © November 15, 2012TABLE OF CONTENTSDeclaration †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ | | Dedication †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreInternship Report6674 Words   |  27 PagesKENYATTA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Name of Author Oganga Lance. Registration No. I17/1576/2007. Degree Programme Bsc (Computer Science). Title Industrial Attachment Report. Period of Attachment June 2010 – Aug 2010. Placement Company Kenya Industrial Estates Ltd., Nairobi. Co-operating Officer Mr. Njuguna J.G. ReportRead MoreConfronting Procurement Challenges Nairobi S State Corporations Essay5734 Words   |  23 Pages CONFRONTING PROCUREMENT CHALLENGES IN KENYA’S STATE CORPORATIONS Student ID: 00414787 A dissertation is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of The University of Salford for the degree of Master of Science in Procurement, Logistics and Supply Chain Management August 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ii LIST OF FIGURES/LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background to the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 3 1.3 Aim of theRead MoreIndustrial Attachment Report at Cmr-Kemri9715 Words   |  39 PagesMASINDE MULIRO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 190-50100 KAKAMEGA FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES COURSE TILTE: INDUSTRIAL/FIELD ATTACHMENT COURSE CODE: SBL326 NAME: PAMELA K. MUKWEYI REG. No.: BTE/0517/08 DURATION: 9TH MAY – 20TH JULY 2012 SUBMISSION DATE: ATTACHMENT PLACE:CENTRE FOR MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH- KEMRI Scope/purpose The Industrial Attachment program fulfils part of the requirement in pursuing the degreeRead MoreThe Effects of Ownership Structure, Board Effectiveness and Managerial Discretion on Performance of Listed Companies in Kenya27922 Words   |  112 PagesBusiness, University of Nairobi, Kenya. 2008. DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my original work and, to the best of my knowledge, has not been submitted to any university for a degree. ONGORE VINCENT OKOTH Date REG. NUMBER: D80/8987/2001 This thesis has been submitted with our authority as the candidate’s appointed university supervisors. PROF. PETER O. 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Download the original attachment RESEARCH PROPOSAL THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL RETENTION STRATEGIES ON EMPLOYEE TURNOVER (A Case Study of the Kenyan Courts-Mombasa Law Courts) PRESENTED BY NAME: SUPERVISED BY: DATE PRESENTED: ABSTRACT This paper presents some of the existing institutionalRead MoreDebonairs Pizza Product-Market Expansion Growth Strategies27204 Words   |  109 PagesRecognition of Prior Learning 7. WORKSHOPS 7.1 Workshop Venues 7.2 Workshop Dates 7.3 Workshop Programmes ASSIGNMENTS 8.1 Submission 8.1.1 Number of copies 8.1.2 Modes of delivery of assignments 8.1.3 Submission of assignments by e-mail 8.1.4 General guidelines to submission of assignments 8.1.5 Policy regarding group assignments and plagiarism 8.1.6 Acknowledgement of receipt of assignments 8.1.7 Release of assignment results 8.1.8 Extension of submission dates 8.1.9 Late submission of assignments 8.1Read MoreBank Management System12681 Words   |  51 Pagesbills using the mobile phone. 1.3 Motivation for Undertaking the Project The developer had developed a great interest on client – driven solutions, personalized services and particularly mobile-based solutions to banking problems in his industrial attachment at Kenya Commercial Bank. 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Measuring Personality Traits with Eysenck Personality...

Targeted population, creator and history of assessment Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) test which is a third personality test created by Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck at 1975 (FiestFiest, 2008). Hans Eysenck (1916-1997) was born in Germany on March 4, 1916. Due to the persecution of jews he fled to England at the age of 18 and here he became a famous psychiatrist. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire built on the basic and successive improvement of Maudsley Personality Inventory and Eysenck Personality Inventory which included extraversion (E) scale, nuerocitism (N) scale, and psychoticism (p) scale. The EPQ is a self-reported questionnaire. Basically, EPQ can use to test every people because it possess adult and junior version to measures the personality traits of adult and children and also also used for research purposes in a large population such as teenagers attending school. Moreover, EPQ can be involved in larger studies aiming to measure, for instance; drug addiction, danger behaviour (Anton, Oscar Luis, 2002). TEXT BOOK Reliability and Validity Since the development of Eyesnckpersonality theory, numerous measures were developedto assess the varioustraits of personality. However, one of the outcomeof this process has been a progressive increase in their length. This increase in length can be accounted for by the introduction of an additional dimension of personality within Eyesncks scheme (EyesnckEyesnck, 1976) and by the psychometric principle thatShow MoreRelatedAre Academics More Academic Than Extroverts?1239 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract 150 Introversion-extroversion was proposed by Eysenck as a scale along which each individuals personalities vary, with most people gathering in the centre of the scale as neither highly introverted or extroverted. 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Other linked with specific occupations e.g. extraversionRead MoreThe Contribution Allport s Influence On The Academic World Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe next scholar to contribute was Allport. Allport stated that it is very unlikely that people just possessed one personality characteristic (Fleming, 2006). He claimed that personality exists in a â€Å"psychological matrix† meaning within a person, that people possessed traits which can be categorized into levels, which in turn allows there to be comparison among different indi viduals (Liebert, R. M. Spiegler, M. D., 1970, 117). Allport also recognized that it is important to understand individualsRead MoreThe Five Factor Model Of Personality1704 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will firstly assess a variety of models of personality, firstly taking into account Gordon Allport’s model, followed by Raymond Cattell’s 16 trait factor model and Eysenck’s, 3 factor model. Before, critically discussing the five factor model of personality and individual traits, these are made up of the characteristics of an individual which includes their, thoughts and behaviours that make a person unique. Finally this essay will suggest one other factor which might usefully be addedRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Personality Traits1931 Words   |  8 PagesMost personality theories share a common interest in traits. Theorists have become fascinated with traits, as they essentially tell us what makes us, us. Perpetual features within us demonstrated by our actions within everyday life. Trait theory aims to assess personality, whilst identifying and measuring the extent of particular repetitive personality traits for example - shyness and analysing how much these traits vary from person to person. Trait theory is perhaps the most widely used perspectiveRead MoreEvaluation Of An Individual Assessment Scale1682 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual has their own personality that is made up from a wide range of traits that combine and make each individual unique. By completing an Individual Assessment Scale, a questionnaire that measures your personality and other differences, an indiv idual’s unique traits can be identified. The collection of unique traits identified after completing this questionnaire is not did not describe as positive or negative traits nor do you receive a good or bad score. The questionnaire was interesting in thatRead MoreTrait Theory and Personal Construct Theory Have Markedly Different Approaches to the Understanding of Individual Differences. Outline These Approaches and Assess the Strengths and Weaknesses of Each. What Consequences Does Each Approach Have ...1996 Words   |  8 PagesTrait theory and personal construct theory have markedly different approaches to the understanding of individual differences. Outline these approaches and assess the strengths and weaknesses of each. What consequences does each approach have for understanding agency – structure dualism? This paper commences with a brief overview of two competing influential theories that attempt to account for individual differences within the area of personality and intelligence. These are namely;Read MoreConscientiousness: a Review1793 Words   |  8 PagesConscientiousness: A review Introduction: A major contribution of our personality is an essential trait known as Conscientiousness. It was first grouped in the Five Factor Model personality and the circumplex model of interpersonal behavior 40 years ago by well known psychologists named Tupes and Christal(1961) (McCrae and Costa,1985).Recent developments on the work were carried on by several other psychologists like McCrae and Costa (1985a), Digman and Inouye (1986), Hogan (1983), and PeabodyRead MorePersonality Theory And Personality Theories1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Personality can be defined in many ways due to the individual and unique aspects of personality, and there is yet to be a definitive answer for what personality is and how it comes into being. Generally personality can be defined as the relatively constant, individual and unique characteristics and traits which present themselves to others in different circumstances. Due to the many unknown factors of personality psychologists have suggested many ways in which personality is created,Read MoreThe Nomothetic Approach in Personality Testing1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe Nomothetic approach is an approach to personality assessment. The term comes from the Greek word nomos which means law. In an online dictionary homothetic is defined as giving or establishing laws. Look for universal laws of behaviour. It is based on traditional, classical science. In psychology the nomothetic approach focuses on people in general, trying to find regularities or laws between people. The approach was prop osed by a German philosopher Wilhelm Windelband in the 19th century.

Essay on Regulation Data Protection and Personal Data Privacy Essay Example For Students

Essay on Regulation Data Protection and Personal Data Privacy Essay CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Statement of Purpose 1 Scope 2 Limitations 2 Methods of Research 2 CHAPTER 2 FINDINGS 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Current Regulations 3 Current Expectations from customers 6 Reason Additional Regulations should be added 8 Future Potential 9 CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 11 Conclusions 11 Recommendations 12 WORKS CITED 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report will describe the history of government regulations and FTC. How that applied to Google search and personal privacy. The changes made from the settlement between Google and the FTC, the difference Googles practices and policies from before the settlement and after the settlement, and the current demands and expectations from current and vocal Google users. The report will also draw a conclusion from the findings and will determine if additional regulations are needed or if the regulations currently in place are sufficient. GUYS PLS HELPS ME TO ADD YOUR PART CONCLUSION HERE. The finding of this report are based on four different factors for different factor for analysis of personal data protection and personal data privacy. The first is current regulations, which †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the second factor taken into the current expectation from customer†¦ the third factor discuss the reason additional regulations should be added. REGULATION DATA PROTECTION AND PERSONAL DATA PRIVACY Background In today’s fast paced technology, search engines have become vastly popular use for people’s daily routines. A search engine is an information retrieval system that allows someone to search the. .f Espionage, Intelligence and Security (Vol. 2, pp. 143-144). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from do?id=GALE%7CCX3403300399=2.1=calstate=r=GVRL=w=8c4fbf8a510c213de1b304b00ed3b6dc> Hillier, A., Culhane, D. (2013). GIS Applications and Administrative Data to Support Community Change. In M. Weil (Ed.), The Handbook of Community Practice (2nd ed., pp. 827-844). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Retrieved from galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3721300054=2.1=calstate=r=GVRL=w=7fa799e82b28f9d4cbb214cd4650a6cc> Google Privacy Policy, http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy. html#information. See also Google Privacy FAQ, Google Privacy FAQ, id. at section 5.

Smoking Among Teenagers Essays - Smoking, Smoking Ban,

Smoking Among Teenagers Young Adults and Cigarette Smoking. Cigarette smoking is a major cause of lung cancer and many other illnesses. At least one out of five death in American society caused by disease directly related to cigarette smoking. The overall smoking prevalence in the United States has been reduced considerably over the past 20 years; however, there have been only minimal reductions in smoking prevalence among adolescents and young adults. Among college students, the prevalence of use of cigarettes is still about 35%. Although smoking among adolescents and young adults is often associated as a bad, but temporary habit, determinants of smoking among college students and the amount of harm it causes to their health and health of others are largely unknown. I once was asked a question for which I cant find the answer even today. Shortly before writing this paper I did some research and asked a few of my friends the same question. Give me at least one good reason why you are ignoring the danger that you know about so well? Some say that they smoke to relieve stress from school. Others say it gives them something to do at parties. Some say they get an intensified sensation from mixing tobacco and alcohol. Some say they've tried to stop so many times but can't. Others say that their grandparents have smoked all their life and are still alive and healthy. Besides, dying of cancer in 40 or 50 years seems to them a long, long way off. And you never know-you could get hit by a truck first. To be honest, none of these answers really answered my question. Most of the young smokers try smoking for the first time in middle school. But they dont smoke often until they turn 16 and get a car. To them, driving, music, and smoking Marlboro or Newport a ll go together. Their main light-up time is usually right after school. That's the best cigarette of the day. My friends and I belong to a generation of teens that have received more education about the hazards of tobacco than any generation in history. As kindergartners, alarmed by the dangers of smoking, we flushed our mothers' menthols. We have been shown the tricks cigarette makers used to seduce children. We have seen the anticigarette ads that use humor to prevent smoking. And we have seen stomach-turning photos of smokers' blackened lungs and ulcerated tongues. That kind of reminds me, this can happen to me, but does it really make me stop smoking? Does seeing fat people make you stop eating? You've got to do what makes you happy, and smoking makes me happy. Nothing can stop us from getting rid of something that we think to be just a bad habit, not even ruining health of other people that are around us. Secondhand smoke is harmful to the health of nonsmokers. According to John R. Garrison, secondhand smoke causes lung cancer and increases the risk of heart disease. This leads to about 53,000 deaths that are caused by cigarette smoke among nonsmokers in the United States. Secondhand smoke affects the health of adults and children who can not always protect themselves: Children do not choose to live in smoke-filled homes, and nonsmoking adults can not control the smoky air they breathe at work. Take for example Bucks County Community College, even though smoking inside of all the buildings on campus is restricted, nonsmokers still have to breathe the air full of smoke while walking along buildings entrances. Especially at the entrances to Penn Hall and Founders Hall large clouds of smoke are rising up from the mouths of young adults who are standing in a little groups that from far away look like ant - hills. Sometimes the amount of smoke in these areas is so large that it is hard to see a person thats standing next to you. It also becomes very hard for people that do not smoke to get in or to get out from the building. I have noticed how some of them close his or her mouth, hold the breath and try to walk very fast, in order not to breathe the polluted air. I understand the

Sound In Poetry Essays - Poetic Rhythm, Alliteration

Sound In Poetry Poems usually begin with words or phrase which appeal more because of their sound than their meaning, and the movement and phrasing of a poem. Every poem has a texture of sound, which is at least as important as the meaning behind the poem. Rhythm, being the regular recurrence of sound, is at the heart of all natural phenomena: the beating of a heart, the lapping of waves against the shore, the croaking of frogs on a summer's night, the whisper of wheat swaying in the wind. Rhythm and sound and arrangement ?the formal properties of words?allow the poet to get beyond, or beneath the surface of a poem. Both Gwendolyn Brooks' ?Sadie and Maud? (799) and Anne Bradstreet's ?To My Dear and Loving Husband? (784) emphasize poetic sound to express their themes. Used to enhance sound in a poem, alliteration is the repetition of sound in consecutive or neighboring words, usually at the beginning of words. Both Brooks and Bradstreet make use of alliteration in their poems. ?Sadie stayed at home. / Sadie scraped life (2-3) the repetition of s is evident in these two lines, reflecting the sassiness and independence that Sadie possessed. ?Then while we live, in love lets [persevere]? (11) the slow musical repetition of the l sounds reflect the romantic emphasis in the poem. Assonance?the repetition of the same or similar vowel sound, especially in stressed syllables?can also enrich a poem. Assonance can be used to unify a poem as in Bradstreet's poem in which it emphasizes the thematic connection among words and unifies the poem's ideas of the husband and wife becoming one. ?Compare with me ye woman if you can? (4). In Brook's poem, repeated vowel sounds extend throughout. Brooks indirectly links certain words and by connecting these words, she calls attention to the imagery that helps communicate the poems theme of how different two people who grew up in the same household can be. ?Under her maiden name/ Maud and Ma and Papa (10-11). In addition to alliteration and assonance, poets create sound patterns with rhyme. The conventional way to describe a poem's rhyme scheme is to chart rhyming words that appear at the ends of lines. In Brooks' poem the rhyme scheme is abcb, defe which reinforces the way two things can begin the same, but change as time goes on. Naturally, rhyme does not have to be subtle to enrich a poem. An obvious rhyme scheme like the one in Bradstreet's poem is aabb, ccdd can communicate meaning by forcing attention on a relationship between two people that are not normally linked. The poem's theme speaks of the husband and wife becoming one, the poem's rhyme scheme is of two consecutive lines belonging together and having one sound. Rhyme can also be classified according to the position of the rhyming syllables in a line of verse. Bradstreet's poem contains beginning rhyme, Brooks' poem, on the other hand, contains only end rhyme. ?I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold/ My love is such that rivers cannot quench/ Thy love is such I can in no way repay?(5, 7, 9). ?Her girls struck out from home/ Her fine-tooth comb? (14, 16). Poets, too, create rhyme by using repeated words and phrases. ?Sadie scraped life/ with a fine-toothed comb? (3-4) and ?Sadie had left as heritage/ her fine-tooth comb? (15-16). The repeated phrases ?Sadie? and ?Maud?, which shift from one subject to the other and back again ?Maud went to college/ Sadie stayed at home? (1-2). The poem has a singing rhythm that resembles a song that children play to. The remembrance of carefree childhood ironically contrasts with the adulthood that both Sadie and Maud now face as they grow up: Sadie stays home and has two children out of wedlock; Maud goes to college and ends up ?a thin brown mouse?. Repeated phrases in Bradstreet's poem include ?if ever? and ?love?. ?If ever two were one then surely we. / If ever man were loved by wife then thee? (1-2). ?My Love is such that rivers cannot quench, / Nor ought but love from the give recompence? (9-10). With such recurrence, the poem is like a slow romantic song and the repeated words are its rhythm. Meter, the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that govern a poem's lines, largely creates poetic rhythm. This gives readers the ?beat? of the poem and approximates the sound of spoken language. The meter of Bradstreet's poem is iambic pentameter and it is evident throughout the poem. It contributes

Why I Would Benefit †Scholarship Template

Why I Would Benefit – Scholarship Template Free Online Research Papers Uxbridge is my home, my comfort zone, and deciding to leave Massachusetts, and even New England, to go to the University of Central Florida this upcoming fall was the hardest decision I’ve ever made. In doing so, I am placing a lot of extras on my plate. Things such as environment, distance, size, and money are all issues I have to face. However, I am more than willing to face each one that accompanies the decision I have made. The first three issues, environment, distance, and size, are all inevitable and come with my school choice. Adapting to a new environment is the first issue. I am use to the small, quite, calm town of Uxbridge which is completely different than the way I will be leaving in a few months in the large, busy, city of Orlando. Distance is another issue I am facing. UCF is over 1000 miles away from Uxbridge. Being so far away from my family, friends, and what I know is a scary thought for me. Being unable to come home on the weekend if I am home sick will be hard. Size, the third issue, is another change for me. I will be going from being 1 in about 500, and knowing most of my peers, to 1 in about 50,000, and knowing no one. However, I have thought about each one of these and none of them have been able to change my mind. Money is the forth issue that comes with my decision and is the only one that can effect it. In deciding to leave the state, I am ineligible for the Abigail Adams Scholarship that allows for free tuition to a Mass state school that I worked so hard to obtain. I am now faced to pay the $17,017 a year tuition of the school I fell in love with. With little financial aid offered from the school, finding ways to pay for this has been hard. Living with my single dad and two brothers, (Charles Wright ,17, Senior at UHS enter the Navy and Josh Wright,16, Junior at UHS applying for duel-enrollment at Johnson Wales) all of these upcoming changes have been difficult for my family. That is where the NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP comes into play. I would be honored to be considered for this scholarship. Any sort of assistance will benefit me and my family greatly and will also help to relieve my worries. Money, now a days, seems to control peoples live and I do not want to give up a dream for something th at seems so meaningless. Leaving Uxbridge is hard; however, knowing that the University of Central Florida is the right and best place for me gives me strength. I am willing to adjust and change my life for this, and my family and I would benefit greatly with the assistance of the NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP. Uxbridge is my hometown and everything I know. I will never forget it and the people who have helped me become the strong, independent woman that I will be upon graduation day. Without them, I would not be the person I am today. My only hope is I can return the favor in becoming the best person I can be. I feel UCF is the place I can do that and the NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP will help me get there. Research Papers on Why I Would Benefit - Scholarship TemplateTrailblazing by Eric AndersonPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Marketing plan - Essay Example Companies have also been able to take into consideration the comments left by different consumers and work with them to deliver brands which match their specific taste. Moreover, companies or manufactures have been able to design their products to match the different taste of their consumers, thus remaining on top of the market competition. b) Addressability as marketing issues can be said to be the ability of the company to share with their consumer details concerning their products or operations in a way that is easily understood. Interactivity on the other hand can be said to be the ability of the company to make their consumers participate in the production or manufacturing process. This may involve engaging the consumers to achieve response about their content or products. Accessibility is the ability of the company or producers to avail their products or services to the consumers without putting them through much hassle. Connectivity can be said to be the ability of a company or producers to reach their consumers by knowing such details like their profiles and designing their products or services to match their preferred taste. Control in relation to marketing mix can be said to be the ability of a company to accurately determine key consumer characteristics in order to make them loyal to the respective brands th eyre producing or manufacturing. c) The use of digital media has its pros and cons. Social media is a form of digital media that makes communication easier between parties involved. It also allows individuals, especially business men to expand their contact with their consumers. In addition, it improves the image of a business while also expanding market research for entrepreneurs in different markets. However, it may also decrease productivity of employees when they use for other purposes other than work. It has also led to scams as scrupulous individuals use it for fraudulent activities. Electronic media is

Oprtions Mngement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Oprtions Mngement - Essay Example The contribution of n opertions strtegy is lso outlined s prt of hierrchy of strtegies tht we might find in ech firm. It gives n insight into wht is exctly n opertions strtegy nd wht re its components, how esy is it to implement such strtegy nd wht cn n orgnistion expect from it. Bsiclly, the pper discusses the question of diversity of tsks tht opertions mngement incorportes nd tht these tsks should be combined to rech the potentil of opertions executed. Opertions mngement hs its origins in the study of 'production' or 'mnufcturing mngement'. (Pine, Boynton, 2003) These terms still very much pply to mnufcturing orgnistions tht will hve distinct opertionl ctivities tht convert sy, bens nd rich tomto suce into cns of bked bens to be sold by retiler. Thus, we cn initilly think of opertions mngement s being prt of distinct function producing product nd service combintion, just s we hve mrketing nd ccounting functions in mny orgnistions. The first definition of opertions mngement is therefore: Every orgnistion tht offers goods or services hs n opertions ctivity. s fr s the orgnistion structure is concerned, some firms will hve discrete opertions function. This might be clled mnufcturing deprtment, n opertions system, or hve no identifible nme t ll. However, like mrketing nd ccounting, it is fundmentl function of the firm with professionlly trined opertions or production mngers responsible for conversion of resources into the required product nd service combintions. In some orgnistions such mngers will hve different titles, store mnger for retiler, dministrtive mngers within hospitl or distribution mngers in logistics compny. This first definition tends to be rther nrrow s it pplies to core conversion processes (mostly mnufcturing). We need therefore to widen the definition of opertions mngement to second level: The design, opertion nd improvement of the internl nd externl systems, resources nd technologies tht crete

Knowledge Automation As an Approach to Online Integrated Systems Assignment - 7

Knowledge Automation As an Approach to Online Integrated Systems - Assignment Example It is vital to implement automation systems in today’s business climate for certain reasons. The Web nowadays has become the basic and crucial means of communication for most firms. Moreover, employees would be demanded to grasp and adhere to the firm’s business actions and policies which must be based on what they lay their eyes on the intranet. Since everyone is critically searching for solutions to their needs, experts can hence be considered to be very busy persons (Dedan 9).  There are certainly many problems that Exsys Corvid knowledge automation systems try to solve. They have been assisting various firms and agencies related to the government, to construct knowledge automation mechanism for many years. Their approach can be proven and attested to be extremely doing well across various levels and institutions in the world. They can be used on diverse kind of issues since they provide a strong foundation for finding remarkable solutions for companies (Dedan 14).   The easiest systems to build are for providing solutions based on well-documented steps or illustrations as needed. The expert must have an understanding of the solution making stages. The best systems must strive to disseminate the knowledge of issues that can be documented but sophisticated to explain (Dedan 17).  The above is the logo image which became copy-pasted from the website. This demo, after critical analysis, can be decided to be the best. It mainly handles issue dealing with managing contaminated animal and plant material. It delivers vital information and useful piece of advice needed for efficient, effective, and economical disposing of animal and plant material that becomes contaminated.  

Reflection On Personal Development In Nursing Programme Nursing Essay

Reflection On Personal Development In Nursing Programme Nursing Essay This essay will illustrate how I developed from a novice to an expert in my three year nursing programme. This is going to be integrated into my chosen topic of management. Benners stages of clinical competence (1984) in conjunction with Dreyfus and Dreyfus student development model (1986) will be used to structure the essay. To enhance discussions current evidence based literature will be used to explore my strengths, limitations and experiences. Recommendations for future practice development as a newly registered nurse will also be explored. To respect peoples confidentiality names of clients, health professionals and Trusts will either be changed or not used in this essay (UK Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2008). Management is monitoring and controlling the process of achieving your aims and objectives, standards and targets and reviewing the results (Forster, 2001). It is about effective communication, being sensitive and persuasive, making good decisions and being able to motivate your staff (Manion, 2005). I was attracted to this topic because I tried to implement recovery principles on placement and was met with stiff resistance from the manager due to generational differences in our nursing pre-registration programmes. This was in contrast with the Chief Nursing Officer who supports the values of the recovery approach informing the practice of all mental health nurses (UK DOH, 2006). According to McNeese-Smith and Crock (2003) nurse managers are facing a significant challenge in managing nurses that registered from different cohorts. This is because nursing programmes are always changing to meet service user needs and to adapt to new research (Hu Hodgin, 2004). According to Lloyd et al (2007) the model of skill acquisition by Benner (1984) shows how a student progresses in theory and practice according to exposure through five stages, novice, advance beginner, competent, proficient and expert. In the first year of my nursing programme my first placement was in an acute admission ward for older people. Next I worked with the District Nurses specialising in wound management issues. From here I moved on to an adult acute inpatient mental health hospital. Finally I worked at a school for children with special needs, where I had the most exposure. The first stage of Benner (1984) namely novice is described by Yancey (2005) as a beginner who has had no experience of the situations in which they are expected to perform. Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986) state that at this stage students have no experience of real situations, they only acquire rules and protocols to guide their actions and performances. My reflection at the novice stage is that I demonstrated effective communication skills which are vital in management. This was so because while I was serving in the British Army I had a lot of training in communication as it was vital in my role. My mentor did not take long to notice this and commented on my intermediate interview that my communication skills were very good, please see appendix 2. I felt that at this stage I was a novice as I had never worked in a healthcare setting before (Benner, 1984). However as the year progressed I managed to develop another management skill, planning. Planning is a type of decision making involvi ng what to do, who is to do it, when and where it is to be done in order to arrive at a desired result (Hincliff Rodgers, 2008). I managed to develop this skill at a school for children with special needs. Here I learnt the importance of good planning as the team dealt with emergencies on a daily basis by observing registered nurses at work. I also had the opportunity to put into practice my planning, prioritisation of care and management of resources skills and they developed to a very good standard. According to Callaghan and Waldock (2006) a good nurse manager will be familiar with the workings of their healthcare setting by making themselves visible to the staff, asking questions and possessing good communication with their staff. The above authors go on to say that this helps foster good decisions and respect between that level of management and other staff. By the end of the year I had a fair experience of working in various healthcare settings meaning that I was no longer a novice but an advance beginner (Benner, 1984). Benner (1984)s model of skill acquisition describes advance beginner as the stage where the nurse has considerable experience in real situations which allows their performance to improve to a marginally acceptable level. According to Alligood and Tomey (2005) a student nurse at the advanced beginner stage views clinical situations as a test of their abilities and the situation placed on them rather than client needs and responses. They are also able to achieve some steps using their own judgement but supervision is needed for overall task (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986). I believe I started the second year of my nursing programme as an advanced beginner (Benner, 1984). At this stage of the programme I went to varied mental health placements. The first place I went was a day hospital for older people providing out-patient healthcare facility. From here I moved on to an adult community mental health team which provided specialist assessments, advice and support, helping to establish clear integrated care pathways for clients (UK Department of Health, 2002a). This is where I had the most exposure. Next I worked in an adult mental health rehabilitation unit where the team encouraged clients to develop life skills that enabled them to function more effectively in the community. Finally I worked with a community specialist mental health team for older people. The skill I developed in my second year was delegation. According to Bittner and Gravlin (2009) delegation means assigning a certain task to another person providing proper authorisation keeping in mind it should be effective and result oriented. The above authors go on to mention that for delegation to occur a task must satisfy 6 rights namely the right task, the right person, the right time, the right information, the right supervision and the right follow up. During my second year placements with the community team I did a lot of delegating especially to the administration staff who helped the nursing staff with all their typing and other administration tasks. This allowed me to build my confidence that by the end of the year I was very comfortable with delegating tasks. I also noticed that by the end of the year I had developed to a competent practitioner due the experiences that I encountered (Benner, 1984). Please see appendix 3. Competence is described by Benner (1984) as a stage where a nurse begins to assess urgency of their clients needs and plan accordingly. They are also able to achieve most tasks using own judgement and copes with complex situations through deliberate analysis and planning (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986). In my final year of study I worked in a mental health adolescent inpatient unit which provided multidisciplinary assessment, emergency admissions, family therapy, education and activity programmes. From here I moved on to my final placement in an adult acute inpatient mental health unit which provided holistic care. Their role was to provide a high standard of humane treatment and care in a safe and therapeutic setting for clients in the most acute and vulnerable stages of their illness (UK Department of Health, 2002b). During the third year of my nursing programme I had the most exposure in an adult acute inpatient ward which was my final placement. Here I got involved in all aspects of nursing management namely managing client care, planning the shift, delegation, problem solving, running the shift and being the charge nurse. My mentors comments attached on Appendix 4 prove that I had developed to a competent practitioner. On Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986)s skills domain I developed conscious deliberate planning which was a direct result of taking charge of shifts on numerous occasions under supervision from my mentor. I also got the chance to practice various types of management styles while I was the charge nurse. I also managed to run shifts successfully leading a team of registered nurses and support workers demonstrating that I was now developing to a proficient practitioner. The fourth stage of Benner (1984)s model is proficient where the nurse learns from previous experiences and knows what to expect in a particular situation and can modify plans in response to events. According Hargreaves and Lane (2001) a proficient nurse starts to view situations as wholes rather than parts and reflection on situations guides their performance. On Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986)s skills domain, the skills I demonstrated at this stage are the ability to adapt to changes, reorganisation of shift and handling transfer of service users detained on a section of the Mental Health Act (2007) under the same or different hospital managers. I was also able to take full responsibility for my own work and that of others where applicable (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986). The last stage of Benner (1984)s model is expert where a nurse knows what to do based on maturity and their understanding of clinical practice. A nurse is able to take responsibility for their work going beyond existing standards and creating own interpretations (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986). I did not fully develop into an expert but there were certain aspects of management I performed expertly. For instance every time I had the opportunity to be the charge nurse I managed to lead a team of highly experienced nurses and support workers effectively with no problems. I was also able to delegate duties to team members effectively considering the skills required for the duties I needed carried out. According to Bulman and Schutz (2004) reflective practice is a process of reviewing practice so that it may be describe, analysed, evaluated and consequently used to inform and change future practice. This part of the assignment is a reflection of what I need to further enhance my management skills as a registered mental health nurse. This will be integrated by reflection of government policies and literature that can be used in clinical practice. As a registered nurse I need to observe my working environment and then make an interpretation out of it through good reflection skills. By just carefully watching the dynamics of the working environment I will be able to develop the skills needed to effectively manage it. I also need to have self belief which enables me to be the shaper rather than the follower even when facing opposition (Department of Health, 2004a). Knowing policies and procedures of my workplace is essential as it allows me to understand my role and responsibility. Thi s allows nurse managers to guide day to day operations of the clinical setting without constant intervention from top management (Fradd, 2004). Additionally the above author talks about the key components of management competencies which are self-confidence, tempered with humility, developing high trusting relationships and effective collaboration. Research has proved the need for support during the transition period from student nurse to newly registered nurse (Whitehead, 2001). In light of this evidence I will undergo a period of preceptorship to ease my transition into my role as a registered mental health nurse. Crucially, lifelong learning which meets the needs of the service users and delivers the outcomes and health priorities of the employer is vital in enhancing my management skills (Royal College of Nursing, 2007). UK Department of Health (2001) supports life long learning as well stating that staff, teams and organisations they relate to and work in have to acquire new kn owledge and skills to shape and change things for the better. The ability to identifying the knowledge and skills that you need to apply in your post is crucial in enhancing your skill base (UK DOH, 2004b). I will also familiarise myself with different types of management for instance Laissez faire described by McSherry and Pearce (2007) as one in which the manager provides little or no direction and gives subordinates as much freedom as possible. All power is given to the subordinates and they determine goals, make decisions and resolve problems on their own (Spinelli, 2006). With the experience I have had during my programme I will also learn more about Democratic management. According to Woods (2005) democratic management encourages those you are delegating to, to be part of the decision making by keeping them informed about everything that affects their work. I believe this model makes a team perform better as it makes them feel valued. To conclude Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986)s levels of skill development reflect changes in three aspects namely movement from reliance, change in the learners perception of the demand situation and a passage from detached observation to involved performer. There is one serious problem with Benner (1984)s definition of expert in that a person might meet the criteria for being an expert and still be consistently wrong or incompetent and their intuitive grasp of situations based on deep tacit understanding is just not good enough. Good managers exist when one has the ability to motivate others to purse high standards and long term goals through an approach defined by an open empowering culture where communication, strong values and mutual respect are paramount (Clegg, 2000). A good manager is one who unravels bureaucracy in the creation of opportunities and achievement of objectives ensuring that team is fit for the purpose, delivers clinically effective objectives and high quality service user care (UK DOH, 2000).

Was Ho Chi Minh More of a Nationalist Than a Communist?

Was Ho Chi Minh more of a nationalist than a communist? Most people in America firmly believe that Ho Chi Minh was a communist first and foremost. The public was inundated with stories of his visits to Russia and China. We heard repeatedly how his support from communist countries was being used to take over and create a communist stronghold in South East Asia. What we didn’t hear was the rest of the story. The Vietminh under Minh’s leadership had an alliance of sorts with the U. S. during WWII. The common enemy, the Japanese provided a sort of strange bedfellows situation where the communists supported the ouster of another foreign invader. After the war, the Vietminh set up governmental structures in the country assuming Vietnam would return to a sovereign state. Minh himself made repeated overtures to the U. S. and other countries for support in his quest of independence (Young, 1991. p 14). Even the Vietnam declaration of independence signaled Minh’s nationalistic view (Gettleman, et al, p 26). As a pragmatist, Minh realized that the U. S. as not going to support his independence so he turned towards Russia and China for support. Minh walked a fine line with these countries to keep his supply line open without losing his independence. Some say that ability showed his true skills as a diplomat (Obituary, 1969). On the flip side of the equation, Minh was a true and through communist. He lived and breathed the communist ideals and was ruthless in achieving them. It h as been said that he was a great contradiction. Ho Chi Minh was known as the great communist leader while at the same time ultimate nationalist (Ho Chi Minh, 2006). References Gettleman, M, Franklin, J, Young, M. & Franklin, B. (1995). Vietnam and America. Grove Press, New York, N. Y. Ho Chi Minh: North Vietnamese Leader (2006). Retrieved from http://www. historynet. com/ho-chi-minh-north-vietnam-leader. htm Ho Chi Minh Was Noted for Success in Blending Nationalism and Communism (Obituary) (1969. Retrieved from www. nytimes. com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0519. html Young, M. (1991). The Vietnam Wars: 1945=1990. Harper Collins Publishers, New York N. Y.

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors Health And Social Care Essay

In this essay I will discourse a patient who had been enduring from Amyotrophic Lateral induration a signifier of Motor Neurone Disease which is a progressive, chronic and debilitating disease. I will discourse the consequence this disease has on the organic structure, look at differential diagnosing, the cardinal status impacting the organic structure by this disease, epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology and the associated pharmacological medicine that are all prevalent with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Motor Neurone Disease is a general term for a few differential discrepancies of the diseases which are combined under the one umbrella ( see appendix A ) the specific disease I will discourse is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( ALS ) . From this point Motor Neurone Disease will be known as MND and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis known as ALS. The patient I attended was a 53 twelvemonth old who had been enduring from ALS. The patient when we arrived had died but had been in the terminal phases of the disease. In speaking with the household and acquiring a good societal and household history it became evident that this patient had led an active life style until she was diagnosed with ALS. In the early phases this patient managed herself but rapidly became unable to pull off her daily attention and required aid, due to the ALS the patient was known to us but I had ne'er attended to them before. In treatment with paramedic who I was on with they gave me a brief history of the patient so I was prepared when I went in. ALS comes under the umbrella of MND which affects the nervous system ( see Appendix B ) and can be divided into two countries the lower taking to muscle weakness/wasting ( wasting ) and the upper taking to stiffness, abnormally active physiological reactions by and large nonvoluntary and each impacting different countries of the organic structure in changing grades. The forecast for ALS is Death, as it affects the upper and lower nervous system ( see Appendix B1 ) . MND It is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, nevertheless depending on countries affected it may take a few old ages or it can take longer. There is no remedy for MND and the pharmacological medicine is restricted. The pharmacological medicine for the patient was Riluzule in the early phases can decelerate down the devastation of the motor nerve cells as it is a neuroprotector, Baclofen is prescribed as a musculus relaxer which is used to handle the cramps and stiffness caused by the musculuss, Dantrolene is prescribed to handle long term musculus cramps and stiffness though it can besides do liver harm, Diazepam ( diazepam ) is prescribed for its ataractic consequence and helps command the musculus cramp and stiffness these along with other general medicines and with the aid of psychological and emotional support signifier household, friends and other bureaus all assisted the patient with get bying with their ALS. This patient was in ventilatory failure which is the terminal phase of the disease. On Arrival the patient was still on the ventilator and the Patients ‘ household were around her they stated that she had been experiencing ailing different signifier the disease itself and that she had non been herself, the patient was still able to pass on utilizing her eyes although this was going a strain on her and was now passing greater lengths of clip asleep. The patient had retained her sense of temper throughout the disease. The household managed all the daily patient attention themselves as they stated that they knew her best and as the disease progressed and the patient was unable to vocalize any longer they were still able to understand what was wanted. On Examination the patient had no bosom beat and remained in cardiac arrest, patient students were fixed, all marks of life were negative apart from the ventilator. The household knew that the patient had died but we had to repeat that and do certain as they had requested us to go forth ventilator switched on at that clip which meant that there were breath sounds although false reading as it was mechanical aided airing and there was no existent external respiration attempt from the patient it was explained to the patients sister and hubby that although the ventilator is still on it may be confounding for any of the other relations that were coming to understand and particularly for the patients kids as there were no marks of life but the noise of the ventilator might intend they got confused. Dr was called one time we had arrived and we explained what was go oning and as it was the GP that usually attended to the patients ongoing attention we requested that they attend the house. Dr pronounced the patients ‘ decease and was able to exchange off the ventilator as this was what the household wished, during this clip asperity had begun. The household and Dr stated that the patient was cognizant of the result of the disease and that the patient had a DNAR in topographic point which the Dr brought with them as it was a new issue and the one the household had was out of day of the month. I realised through speech production with the household that the symptoms of this disease were similar to other nervous system diseases and that I knew really small about this I decided I would read up on the disease and larn how these types of neurological diseases affect people. Differential Diagnosis: In order to derive the right diagnosing of any disease you must first regulation out several other different diseases that affect the organic structure in a similar manner. In making so you are able to name and handle the disease efficaciously utilizing the right pharmacological medicine, psychological science, or external aid. This is sometimes hard as they frequently present in this instance with muscular blowing particularly of the upper limbs which is the initial presentation in MND and ALS. Some of the differential diagnosing for ALS and MND are: Intramedullary tumour – See Appendix B. Cervical spondylosis – Cervical myelopathy – see Appendix B Peroneal muscular atrophy- see Appendix B Chronic polymyositis- see Appendix B Cervical rib- see Appendix B Peripheral nervus lesions- See Appendix B ( General Practice Notebook, 2012 ) Once all the differential diagnosing information has been correlated and ruled out it is so clip to look at the factors of MND and it variants that prevarication within the MND umbrella. There are assorted types of MND with ALS being the most outstanding and besides the 1 that appears to be speedy in oncoming therefore a rapid diagnosing eases the patients anxiousness and will besides give the patient the right pharmacological medicine and psychological science with support groups and healers to understand the forecast and the disease and its effects on the organic structure although everyone can bring forth different symptoms and no one individual has the same patterned advance through the disease it is in a sense individualised. MND has changing types under its umbrella some affect specific site and others whole countries of the nervousnesss. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( ALS ) , both upper and lower motor neurone harm. Primary Lateral Sclerosis ( PLS ) , upper motor neurone harm entirely, Bulbar Palsy, the bulbar paralysiss Progressive Muscular Atrophy ( PMA ) , lower motor neurone harm entirely Epidemology of ALS ALS normally occurs between age 40 and 70, and 90 % of instances represent some signifier of MND disease. The incidence of the disease increases with each decennary, the mean age at oncoming is 63 old ages. The surveies of the addition of the disease are predominately due to one factor that we are all acquiring better wellness attention and that we are in the chief life thirster. Recent information has suggested that there may be some cultural variableness to the disease nevertheless there is still a lower incidence in non-whites or persons of assorted ethnicity. The male to female ratio is 1.3 in the ages between 40-70 but approaches equality at ages older than 70 old ages. ( Sharon M. Valente RN, 2007 ) ( Carmel Armon, n.d. ) The highest rate of ALS in the universe is Finland. There has been a recent survey in Finland to happen out why they have such high rates they found that a mutant in chromosome 9p21 as the major cause of familial ALS. Finland is non the lone state with a high rate Guam has a prevalence of 70 in every 100,00 this they believed was due to the toxins in the Cycad nut and the rhythm it went through to free it of the toxins. The nut was besides consumed by the Flying Fox ( a chiropteran ) which used to be portion of the diet. The toxins in the nut may hold been much more concentrated and as it was consumed it released the toxins. This statistic has been reduced as alterations in diet have occurred the people of Guam now have a prevalence of 7 in every 100,000. ( Sharon M. Valente RN, 2007 ) ( Carmel Armon, n.d. ) Aetiology of ALS: Between 5-10 % of instances are familial. 90-95 % of instances are sporadic. The mean oncoming for people with familial ALS is 10-20 old ages younger. The balance are sporadic. Diagnosis for this disease are blood trials, Electromyogram ( EMG ) , Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) and one time every other neurological disease has been rejected so the diagnosing will be of MND so depending on clinical presentation a unequivocal diagnosing of what type of MND will go on next. Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosiss: ALS is a disease of the Motor Neurones it is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease and it is fatal. There is no remedy for this disease and pharmacological medicine is limited to handling the symptoms as they occur. Famillia ALS is caused by a familial defect on chromosome 21 which is an enzyme ( an enzyme allows a cell to transport out chemical reactions really rapidly ) and helps destruct free groups ( Free groups take negatrons from the cells and do a batch of harm ) It is nevertheless non necessary to hold the faulty chromosome to develop ALS as non all bearers of the faulty chromesome contract the disease and people can contract the disease without a faulty chromesome. Sporadic ALS is mostly unknown in its cause nevertheless at that place have been links in the alterations to the organic structures nucleic acid through smoke have been shown to trip the disease oncoming. In ALS progressive musculus wasting predominately is found on the Lower motor neurones which reside in the anterior Grey horn of the spinal cord and in the encephalon root ( corticospinal ) . The upper Motor neurones predominately cause marking on the sidelong column of the spinal cord which may bring forth stiffness or abnormally active physiological reactions. There are instances although rare where the loss of prefrontal neurones may hold caused signifiers of cognitive damage. Although this is non typical in ALS as by and large there is no devolution of the five senses and these nervus cells remain integral. Nerve cell organic structures of the lower and upper motor neurone control the musculuss. The motor axons die by devolution and the larger motor neurones are affected to a higher extent than the smaller motor neurones. Equally long as the regeneration and devolution remains changeless so the nervus cell has the ability to maintain the motor neurones within normal bounds hence no symptoms will be evident, merely when the demand for regeneration of these cells can non fit the devolution it is so the first symptoms of ALS becomes apparent. The axon interruptions and the environing Schwann cells catabolise the axon ‘s medulla sheath and steep the axon interrupting it into fragments. The breakdown causes ovoids which are little compartments which contain the fragments of the axon the ovoids are so ingested and destroyed by the macrophages the hungry white blood cells who come en mass to clean up. This nevertheless leaves a grade on the country and if supply and demand for regeneration are non met this procedure so causes the wasting of the motor nervousnesss go forthing them denervated and unable to execute. There are as with all types of disease clinical manifestations in which we are able to name certain conditions non all of them present at one time and all varying in badness depending on the length of clip the patient has had the disease. Muscle failing is the primary mark of ALS with the musculus cramp and stiffness associated with musculus wast ing active nonvoluntary jerking a weakend clasp, slurred address, there is by and large no redness of the musculuss but the changeless vellication and contraction can do a batch of hurting. ALS begins in one limb before impacting the other limb. This disease can distribute through multiple sites on the organic structure and can impact the critical variety meats as they are made up of musculus tissue this is the terminal stages where the patient is unable to take a breath without the aid of a ventilator and as life anticipation for ALS is between 2-5 old ages it can be swift in oncoming. The pharmacological medicine for the patient was Riluzule in the early phases can decelerate down the devastation of the motor nerve cells as it is a neuroprotector, Baclofen is prescribed as a musculus relaxer which is used to handle the cramps and stiffness caused by the musculuss, Dantrolene is prescribed to handle long term musculus cramps and stiffness though it can besides do liver harm, Diazep am ( diazepam ) is prescribed for its ataractic consequence and helps command the musculus cramp and stiffness these along with other general medicines and with the aid of psychological, Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy and emotional support signifier household, friends and other bureaus all assist the patient with get bying with their ALS. As ambulance service there is small that can be done to assist the patient apart from doing them comfy. We can utilize Professional-Professional calls to the necessary adviser and inquire for advice as to the best attention for the patient and if we need to set up for the patient to be admitted into infirmary or whether organizing another carepathway would be suited. The carepathway could besides be used and was in this instance a call to the patients ‘ ain GP bespeaking them to see as this was the want of the patient and the household explicating what had happened. The usage of any analgetic drug for the hurting would hold to be discuss ed with the adviser as this may hold inauspicious effects on status or may hold contraindicators to drugs regime the patient was already on. Following the Care program that is in topographic point meant that although the patient had died we could still follow their wants. Pg1.APPENDIX A- The Nervous System The nervous system is the organic structure ‘s communicating web. It plays a critical function in keeping homeostasis and consists of a immense figure of cells called neurones. The nervous system can be split into two different divisions the Central Nervous System ( CNS ) which controls the encephalon and the spinal cord and the Peripheral Nervous System ( PNS ) which controls all the nervousnesss outside of the spinal cord and encephalon. The peripheral nervous system can be sub-divided into the motor or motorial tract and the sensory or afferent tract. The motor map is divided once more into- voluntary- controls motion of the musculuss and involuntary- which is portion of the autonomic nervous system that controls the cardiac musculus and its secretory organs, this system can be divided into two once more the sympathetic and parasympathetic. The nervous system is predominately made up of nervous tissue which consists of two types of cells- nervus cells or nerve cells and neuroglia, it besides includes the blood vass and the connective tissue. Nerve cells Nerve cells specialise in responding to physical or chemical stimulations from the alterations within their milieus. Nerve cells send and receive nervus urges. The construction of a nerve cell is like an arm with thenar and fingers. Dendrites are like your fingers projecting from the thenar of your manus they are little projections coming from the axon APPENDIX B INTRAMEDULLARY SPINAL CORD TUMORS Pain and failing are the most common presenting symptoms of intramedullary spinal cord tumours. Pain is frequently the earliest symptom, classically happening at dark when the patient is supine. The hurting is typically local over the degree of the tumour but may radiate.Progressive failing may happen in the weaponries ( cervical tumours ) or legs ( cervical, thoracic, conus tumours ) . Impaired intestine, vesica, or sexual map frequently occurs early. Patients may hold hapless balance. Rarely, symptoms of subarachnoid bleeding may be present. Examination may uncover a combination of upper and lower motor nerve cell marks. Lower motor marks may be at the degree of the lesion and may help in localisation. Other marks apparent upon physical scrutiny may include spine tenderness, stiffening of pace, trophic alterations of appendage, centripetal loss, hyperreflexia, clonus, and scoliosiscervical spondylosis – Cervical myelopathyCervical myelopathy occurs when terrible cervical spondylosis causes narrowing of the spinal canal ( besides known as stricture ) and compaction of t he spinal cord. When the spinal cord is compressed, it interferes with the signals that travel between your encephalon and the remainder of your organic structure. Symptoms can include: a deficiency of co-ordination, for illustration you may happen undertakings such as buttoning a shirt progressively hard, heaviness or failing in your weaponries or legs, jobs walking, less normally, intestine and urinary incontenance, centripetal loss is normally present but the upper limb failing and lower limb spasticity may be unusually similar to MND. MND has a more rapid myelopathy and cervical phonograph record bulge will be absent on X-ray. Occasionally, MND may co-exist with cervical spondylosis. cervical rib – fasciculation absent, hurting prominent, centripetal loss normally present, characteristic radiology peripheral nervus lesions – localised cachexia, normally accompanied by centripetal loss. peroneal muscular wasting – centripetal loss of the peripheral nervousnesss become damaged it can do the undermentioned symptoms: numbness and prickling in the pess and custodies a combustion, knifing or hiting hurting loss of co-ordination in the affected organic structure parts musculus failing chronic polymyositis – The history of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis typically includes the followers: Symmetrical, proximal musculus failing with insidious oncoming Muscles normally painless Myalgias occur in fewer than 30 % of patients. Dysphagia ( 30 % ) and aspiration, if pharyngeal and oesophageal musculuss are involved Arthralgias may be associated Trouble kneeling, mounting or falling stepss, stepping onto a kerb, raising weaponries, raising objects, combing hair, and originating from a seated place Weak cervix extensors cause trouble keeping the caput up Engagement of pelvic girdle normally greater than upper organic structure failing Cardiac engagement may do symptoms of pericarditis or myocardiopathy Characteristic roseola of face, bole, and custodies seen in dermatomyositis merely Patients with polymyositis normally present with symmetrical, proximal musculus failing in the upper and lower appendages. Weakness of cervix flexors besides occurs. Patients with polymyositis may describe musculus hurting and tenderness, which may be confused with symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica. The disease may be for several months before the patient seeks medical advice, and all of the musculuss of the thighs, bole, shoulders, hips, and upper weaponries are normally involved. Muscle failing may fluctuate from hebdomad to hebdomad or from month to month. Fine motor motions that depend on the strength of distal musculuss, such as buttoning a shirt, run uping, knitting, or authorship, are affected merely tardily in the disease. Dysphagia secondary to oropharyngeal and oesophageal engagement occurs in approximately one tierce of patients with polymyositis and is a hapless predictive mark. Dysphonia is besides a hapless predictive mark but is much less common. Ocular musculuss are ne'er involved in generalised polymyositis. However, stray orbital myositis, an inflammatory upset affecting the extraocular musculuss, is good described. Facial and bulbar musculus failing is highly rare in persons with polymyositis. A household history of neuromuscular disease, endocrinopathy, or exposure to myotoxic drugs or toxins is absent. differentiate by electromyography and musculus biopsy myasthenia gravis – bulbar marks but seldom muscular cachexia ; responds quickly to anticholinesterase

Properties of Water essays

Properties of Water essays Life on Earth would be non-existent without the presence of water. The importance of water is so great that it is the very essence of human life, animal life and a stable environment. Water is an abundant resource on the Earth, making up the vast majority of the world, our anatomy and other life forms. The unique qualities that water possesses retain the fitness of life on Earth. Surface tension is one unique property of water that makes life possible on Earth. Surface tension is the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water. Each molecule in the water drop is attracted to the other water molecules in the drop. This causes the water to pull itself into a shape with the smallest amount of surface area. Water is sticky and elastic, and tends to clump together in drops rather than spread out in a thin film. All the water molecules on the surface of the bead are 'holding' each other together or creating surface tension. Water's hydrogen atoms are grouped to one side. This allows a small electric charge different on the two ends of the water molecule. This charge causes the water molecules to line up and loosely connect producing surface tension. Surface tension is responsible for capillary action, which allows water and other substances to move through the roots of plants and through the tiny blood vessels in our bodies. Surface tension also allows insects to skate across the surface of water. Water is a very powerful solvent. More substances dissolve in water than in any other liquid. Water is often called the universal solvent. The reason for water's excellent dissolving capability relates to its polarity. The hydrogen atoms attached to the oxygen atom branch away from each other. The hydrogen acts as a positively charged pole, while the oxygen acts as a negatively charged pole. This enables water to act as a "universal" solvent. Water has both positive and negative charges to which other atoms of molecules ...

Newborn Screening Review Essay

Newborn Screening Review Essay The Significance of Newborn Screening Review Essay The Significance of Newborn Screening Review Essay The importance of newborn screening is enormous because this health program assists healthcare professionals in the process of identification and prevention of numerous health-threatening diseases, pathologies, and other health defects. With help of newborn screening experts in the sphere of healthcare can obtain valuable data where further testing should be recommended. The given paper aims to determine and assess the significance of newborn screening, review statistics in numerous countries, including the Middle East, and, finally, pay attention to serious newborn diseases. In addition, several effective methods of prevention of newborn diseases will be reviewed and evaluated. Taking into consideration the definition of newborn screening, it is rather important to note that this health program is primarily purposed to screen infants after their birth in order to diagnose serious health problems. The researchers claim that this procedure should be conducted shortly after the birth of children, because it increases the chances either to treat or prevent health defects (CDC, 2014). Besides, high quality newborn screening may prevent sudden death of infant. It is rather important to emphasize the fact that these screening programs are not mandatory on the territories of many countries. Unfortunately, nowadays too many children suffer from inborn birth defects, and that is why newborn screening can reduce the percentage of numerous diseases. Even if children look healthy, the researchers recommend parents to insist on newborn screening, because this procedure may save lives of children suffering from various diseases and defects. Thus, this procedure has alread y proven efficient, as it has saved thousands of newborn children around the globe from numerous fatal disorders, including inborn errors of metabolic processes, blood diseases, and other health problems (CDC, 2014). Effectiveness of Screening Tests According to the results of statistics, which include the information about effectiveness of screening tests in different countries, thousands of families around the globe, including those in the USA, Canada, European nations, and the Middle Eastern countries, refer to newborn screening with the purpose to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates among children. These procedures provide a chance for people to conduct effective genetic counselling as well as follow numerous preventive strategies (Ben-Omran, 2013). According to the research results, Qatar is one of the first countries in the Arab world that has expanded newborn screening programs and tests on national, regional, and local levels (Ben-Omran, 2013). The government of this country encourages people to conduct newborn screening with the primary purposes to diagnose, provide treatment, and prevent endocrine disorders. For instance, between 2003 and 2012, more than 135 hundred thousands of neonates were screened on the territory of Qatar. Moreover, with help of these effective tests and techniques, medical professionals in Qatar have the opportunity to detect approximately 30 different diseases, including endocrine problems and inborn errors of metabolism. Besides, these newborn screening tests provide a chance to detect not only classic forms of inborn diseases and pathologies, but their rare variants as well. The results of recent reports state that the amount of newborn diseases is very large in the Middle East, as opposed to the Western world and many developed European countries (Ben-Omran, 2013). The researchers claim that many obstacles prevent governments of the Middle Eastern countries from implementing mandatory newborn screening programs. The most common obstacles include the absence of important technical structures, unavailability of funds and investments for global screening tests, considerably high birth rates, extremely low incomes, and, finally, insufficient numbers of trained physicians as well as the lack of specialized facilities (Ben-Omran, 2013). According to the results provided by DACHDNC, the government of the USA recommends to screen newborns for numerous diseases. For instance, it is estimated that newborn screening can detect at least 31 health defects and inborn illnesses. Each year, millions of children on the territory of the USA are screened and, at the same time, diagnosed with numerous genetic defects, metabolic diseases, and endocrine problems. It is rather important to note the fact that in the USA newborn screening is considered an extremely visible and significant state-based program that was implemented in the early 1960s (Cordero et al, n. d.). R. Guthrie is the first person who successfully devised several screening tests and procedures for phenylketonuria, which is commonly referred to as PKU. This medical procedure was easily performed because of its simplicity, as it involved only a blood spot and a small filter paper card. During that period of time, approximately 150 million newborn children were scree ned with the primary purpose to diagnose and prevent significant genetic and congenital health defects (Cordero et al, n. d.). Taking into consideration scientific investigations of healthcare professionals, the majority of infants with metabolic and genetic health disorders look and behave normal at birth. However, with time, these diseases are progressing and, at the same time, becoming more visible to other people. Thus, numerous tests and screening procedures have been primarily designed in order to establish possible treatment and prevent irreversible damages to human body. According to the estimations of the researchers, newborn screening system in the USA consists of numerous components that are closely intertwined (Cordero et al, n. d.). The first integral element of newborn screening is based on education of healthcare professionals as well as parents. According to the second component, newborn screening system involves such procedures as collection of specimen, submission, and, lastly, testing. After that, health care professionals have to differentiate and explain abnormal or unsatisfactory test results. The fourth stage of screening system includes mandatory confirmatory clinical procedures and establishment of accurate diagnosis according to the results of tests. Finally, the fifth and sixth phases of newborn screening systems involve such important procedures as quality assurance of medical tests, validity of procedures, estimations of short-term as well as long-term benefits of screening tests to children or their families, and many other significant procedures. Taking into account the result of scientific researches provided by the National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center, approximately 5 thousand out of 4 million infants are diagnosed with severe or even lethal pathologies or diseases that cannot be treated because of the absence of effective and influential cure (Cordero et al, n. d.). At the same time, newborn screening is recognized in the USA as one of the most effective programs that can reduce the percentage of newborn children with lethal pathologies to a minimum (Cordero et al, n. d.). The government of the USA has issued specialized statutes or, in other words, regulations that bear the responsibility for quality of public health newborn screening tests and procedures. In simple words, each separate state in the USA determines either mandatory or voluntary nature of newborn screening procedures. At present, screening of infants is available in many forms on the territory of the USA. Thus, every family, regardless of its origin, area of residence, preferred language, intelligence rates, and religious options, have the opportunity to screen children for health disorders. The government of the USA makes successful attempts in order to ensure universal access to newborn screening procedures for all families that live on the territory of this country. However, one factor that impedes the access of people to screening tests is directly connected with comparatively high price of some screening tests. According to the statistical data provided by the Council of Responsibl e Genetics, approximately 98 % of infants that are born in the USA are screened for significant amounts of inherited health conditions that are usually stored in specialized state-operated databases (Cordero et al, n. d.). However, in recent years, the amount of screening tests has significantly expanded because of many reasons, including technological advancements. It is extremely important to pay attention to the specialized report that was issued by the American College of Medical Genetics in 2005. According to the main idea of this report, all states on the territory of the USA are encouraged by the governmental agencies of to ensure for citizens of the USA screening of 29 health conditions that are commonly classified as â€Å"core conditions† (Kilakkathi, 2012). The list of main health conditions involves such severe metabolic diseases and heath defects as propionic as well as isovaleric academia, maple syrus urine disease, sickle cell anemia, hearing problems, and many other health-threatening pathologies and health problems (Kilakkathi, 2012). In addition, secondary panel involves 25 serious health defects, including malonic acidemia, argininemia, and many others (Kilakkathi, 2012). Therefore, the researchers provide convincing arguments that neonatal screening has been extremely popular on the territory of European countries for more than 50 years (Kilakkathi, 2012). In other words, neonatal screening is considered one of the most well-developed, financed, and governed health programs that provide assistance to families and entire communities to bring up healthy children. According to the research results provided by the European Union, the European Commission launched a specialized call for tender in order to determine and assess the efficiency of screening practices for extremely rare health problems (Kilakkathi, 2012). Newborn Screening Tests Nowadays, professionals in the sphere of healthcare differentiate several main screening tests, especially heel prick, infant hearing tests, physical examinations, and, finally, congenital heart defects screening (CDC, 2015). For instance, the neonatal heel prick, which is sometimes referred to as Guthrie test, is one on the most widespread screening tests that should be performed in order to minimize the possible risks of health-threatening diseases. It is rather important to note that this procedure is the simplest one, because it is based on a tiny pinprick puncture that is made on one heel of an infant in order to soak blood and take some samples that are important for conducting screening tests (CDC, 2015). This simple newborn screening procedure has justified its efficiency, because it is widely applied on the territory of many countries, including the USA, Canada, European states, and Middle Eastern countries in order to diagnose a significant variety of metabolic disorders, e specially galactosemia, immunoreactive trypsinogen, sickle-cell defects, and many other health-threatening diseases and health disorders. Despite several controversies that are connected with the effectiveness of the neonatal heel prick, the researchers provide convincing arguments that this type of test is extremely widespread in the sphere of healthcare, because it provides accurate results in a short period of time, which usually take approximately five or six days (CDC, 2015). Researchers in many countries recommend to combine heel prick with efficient hearing test. Moreover, they assure that ear examination is extremely important for newborn babies, as it measures the ability of different sounds to reach the brain of infants. At present, the majority of babies around the globe go through hearing screening shortly after birth at hospitals. It is rather important to note that not all infants successfully pass these hearing screening tests from the first time. However, parents should not worry, because it does not indicate the loss of hearing. That is why experts recommend to pass second screening in order to confirm the validity of experiments (CDC, 2015). In case a child fails to pass hearing screening for the second time, parents are recommended to visit pediatric audiologist in order to perform more thorough hearing tests. These additional hearing tests are usually called hearing evaluations. In general, doctors order parents not to delay hearing tests, because ignorance of parents may result in absolute hearing loss in the period that is equal to 14 months (CDC, 2015). Moreover, in case parents avoid hearing screening, children may suffer from slowed development of language skills, cognitive abilities, and brain functions. According to the estimations of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, infants as well as toddles with some disabilities should be provided with high quality screening tests because absence of effective hearing tests and procedures may lead to dangerous and even lethal consequences. Thus, having determined and assessed the nature and basic characteristics of hearing screening, it is rather important to stress that this procedure is not only simple and painless, but cheap in comparison to other newborn screening procedures. In addition, hearing screening programs are sometimes called universal, because these simple medical procedures are set up with the purpose to test all newborn children without exceptions. The research result, provided by the World Health Organization (2009) propose that all infants should have their hearing tested before they come back home or, in other words, leave the hospital. In case children are born at home, their parents are obliged to ensure hearing screening tests to be done to their children in the period that does not exceed two months after the birth of a child. Effective and high quality hearing tests give parents the chance to prevent their newborn children from the loss of hearing abilities or other health-threatening defects (World Health Organization, 2009). Physical examination of newborn children is no less important than hearing screening, heel prick, and other tests and procedures. The primary objective of newborn physical examination deals with assessment and prevention of numerous actual or potential health problems. Health care professionals give recommendations to parents to examine their children immediately after birth. Numerous factors, including detailed assessment of respiration, body temperature, and screening for dangerous anomalies, and other health problems, should be taken into consideration. The researchers claim that initial examination of newborn children should exclude excessive disturbances. Moreover, complete or, in other words, full examination should be conducted in case the child is quiet (CDC, 2015). Finally, screening of newborn babies for critical congenital heart defects plays a significant role, as it provides the unique opportunity for health care professionals to diagnose numerous children with critical CHD before their parents take them away from the hospital (CDC, 2015). This type of screening gives an opportunity for newborn children to avoid severe disabilities and even lethal cases. It is extremely important to note the fact that in case children with undiagnosed critical CHD leave the hospital without effective treatment, they will probably face numerous dangerous health consequences, including cardiac collapse or even death within the first few days of life. The hearts of children diagnosed with critical CHD can stop functioning at any moment because of the lack of oxygen. According to the recent statistics provided by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, for every 200 newborn babies with a critical CHD, one or two deaths may be prevented with help of effic ient and high-quality screening techniques and procedures (CDC, 2015). Therefore, the cost of this medical procedure may vary, as it depends on numerous factors, including the number of births in that particular hospital, time of procedure, and the type and price of equipment that was used for screening (CDC, 2015). The Most Common Types of Neonatal Diseases Currently, the researchers in the sphere of genetics differentiate significant numbers of widespread neonatal diseases. Taking into consideration the results of statistics provided by the American Heart Association, approximately 8 out of 1000 newborn children on the territory of the USA suffer because of congenital heart defects that are considered to be the most common birth defects among children (Children’s National Medical Center, n. d.). The main causes of this disease have been unknown. In general, congenital heart defects are classified into several types, including excessive amounts of blood that passes through the lungs, little amounts of blood that does not give the chance to human body to receive oxygen, and, finally, underdeveloped chambers that prevent appropriate amounts of blood from travelling to a human body (Children’s National Medical Center, n. d.). Apnea of prematurity is a term that is extensively used in the sphere of healthcare and denotes the absence of breathing for approximately 20 seconds or even more. Moreover, the most common symptoms of apnea of prematurity are as follows: extremely long periods of absent breathing, unnatural blue coloring of a human body, and considerable decrease in the heart rate (CDC, 2015). Such effective newborn screening tests as physical examination of a child as well as blood tests and detailed apnea studies are used to diagnose this health defect among newborn children (CDC, 2015). Thalassemia is in list of dangerous blood disorders usually transmitted with the help of genes. This disease is characterized by insufficient amounts of red blood cells as well as decreased hemoglobin. Consequently, rapid progression of this health defect may result in improper transportation of oxygen to the body. Such common symptoms as iron overload, widened bones, decreased growth rates, and even serious heart problems may assist in diagnosing thalassemia. Finally, the researchers in the field of medical science stress the fact that digestive disorders, defects of nervous system, extremely low birth weight, and neonatal abstinence syndrome are very widespread and health-threatening newborn diseases among infants (CDC, 2015). Cost-Effectiveness and Prevention of Neonatal Diseases Extensive availability, cost-effectiveness, and high quality of genetic screening tests and procedures provide a chance for healthcare providers to save the lives of thousands of newborn children (Public Health Research/Maternal Child Health, 2011). Newborn baby screening is one of the first and, at the same time, the most reliable methods of preventing dangerous neonatal diseases. However, healthcare providers should follow numerous duties in order to ensure reliability of medical screening services. Firstly, it is rather important to emphasize the fact that different screening tests should correspond to the standard requirements and regulations (Public Health Research/Maternal Child Health, 2011). Furthermore, detailed physical examination of children, especially congenital heart disease screening, should be performed in accordance with the HAAD protocol. At the same time, according to the assumptions of psychologists and other healthcare experts, education and training of pare nts play a key role, as they have a right to either give consent or reject screening. Physical examination should be performed with the increased attention and, besides, should involve different parts of a human body, involving functioning of nervous system, face, ear, cardiovascular systems, limbs, and many other hereditary health defects. Health organizations have to monitor and control the quality and accuracy of screening procedures. Benchmarking In general, the majority of countries around the globe, including the USA and the UK, follow the rules and regulations of universal newborn screening programs. High quality of services, education materials, objective as well as well-developed physiological tests, and parental consent should be taken into consideration in every country around the globe (Public Health Research/Maternal Child Health, 2011). In addition, it is extremely important to note that many European, Middle Eastern, and Western countries have implemented strict measures in order to promote the significance of newborn screening. For instance, the National Screening Committee on the territory of the UK claims that newborn screening should be expanded and should include screening tests for several additional health disorders, including homocystinuria and serious urine diseases (CDC, 2015). Taking into account active participation of the USA in screening activities, it is rather important to stress that the National Newborn Screening and Global Resource Center is considered to be the main center on the territory of the USA that promotes newborn screening on international level (CDC, 2015). In addition, NNSGRC has been primarily created to ensure effective consultative services, trainings, and programs to parents and healthcare professionals (CDC, 2015). Thus, active participation of developed countries in the promotion of newborn screening positively impacts the proliferation of modern procedures and tests on regional, national, and global scale (CDC, 2015). As a result, the significance of newborn screening in modern society, the results of statistics in the Middle East and other countries, and the most widespread types of newborn screening tests as well as newborn diseases have been reviewed. Thus, it is possible to infer that the role of newborn screening is enormous, because these tests provide accurate results about serious diseases connected with metabolism, brain functioning, blood disorders, and many other lethal health problems. In general, children should be screened before they leave hospitals. Blood tests, hearing screening procedures, and screening for CCHD are considered to be the most common types of screening procedures that are characterized by such features as simplicity, accuracy, improved health outcomes, and affordability. Numerous factors, including laws in different countries, financial costs of newborn screening tests, frequency of disorders, and availability of effective treatment influence the universal access o f people to newborn screening procedures. However, at the moment, the global community is striving to provide all people with the opportunity to screen approximately 30 specific health conditions, as newborn screening detects serious diseases, estimates possible treatment, and, finally, drastically decreases mortality rates among children.

Business of Restaurant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business of Restaurant - Essay Example traditional structures and balances in the world business environment. Understanding of economic changes and forces in the domestic economy is also of vital importance as such forces have the most immediate impact. Other domestic economic variables are the level of unemployment, the rate of inflation and the level of domestic interest rates, which affect the potential return from new investments and can inhibit the adoption and diffusion of new technologies. Indirect factors like competitive firms can also pose a threat to the restaurants so their activities should be closely monitored. It is therefore vital that firms continually monitor the economic environment at both domestic levels. Economic changes pose a set of opportunities and threats, and by understanding and carefully monitoring the economic environment, firms should be in a position to guard against potential threats and to capitalize on opportunities. Restaurants are unique places where the service has to be there where the customer is located .It is seldom that people visit a restaurant to enjoy the delicacies. The location has an important role to play in the establishment of restaurant. The prime areas where the density is more has the probability to entice customers as your restaurant will be placed in the choice of the customers. The visibility of your restaurant will be more in densely visited areas like the public offices, main junctions, and places near tourist attractions where the human hits are more. The market research has to done to know the viability of the business in that area. The profitability of your business in that area should be ascertained. The number of probable customers should... Restaurants are the places where personalized food and beverage services are rendered. Type of service differs according to different factors. The restaurants are in a continuous state of improvement as it strives to become more effective and competitive. The sector is affected by many other factors by shifts in the economy. The ever changing demographics as globalization shows its mark demands differentiation in the business. Predictions show that the economy will improve and as a result, the hospitality sector must be geared up to meet the current demands. However, the business exists within an external environment consisting of the actions of other players who are outside the business. The external environment consists of: competitors, the economic and political system, the social system, the monetary system, the political/legal system, the environmental system. Restaurants are unique places where the service has to be there where the customer is located. The eating habits have be en changing as the demographics .The employees and youth were inclined more towards fast food culture, to have a quick bite and resume their daily activities. The number working employees have had increased which has opened up a new market. Consumer research through surveys and focus groups can help assess dining demand specific to a particular sector. Consumer segments include residents, daytime population, and tourists and visitors.